What are the social and political issues surrounding the future of the Internet?

Docs en anglais | 27 pages | 13-08-2007 | Format : | Note : Non noté |

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Résumé

Internet is, according to the Internet Society, "a global network of networks enabling computers of all kinds to directly and transparently communicate and share services throughout much of the world". Its origins lie in the late 1950's, when the US Defence Advanced Research Projects Agencies (ARPA), by sponsoring a research programme, initiated the Internet's development. The APRANET, a communication network, was mainly used for research practices and unclassified defence activities, held by the Defence Communications Agency. By the early 1980's, other organisations became interested in its use and established connections between universities and public networks.

Until the late 1980's, no commercial use or advertising were allowed. By 1988, a new proposal of interconnecting MCI mail with the Internet was accepted, promising to benefit both. Some limitations were agreed: limiting charging and forbidding the use of mail between commercial service providers. However, these very soon got connected and this changed the Internet's use as this new way of permitting commercial users to interact with Internet's users was adjusted.

By 1990, the ARPANET was withdrawn and the NSFNET programme (initiated by the NSF to connect supercomputer centres with each other and to the rest of the Internet) appeared. People from different backgrounds to join the system, some of them for profit. The Federal Networking Council approved this new strategy of the Internet, assuming that it would be beneficial to the researchers and educational users to have access to commercial information services. A new unrestricted era of the Internet emerges.

In November 1988, the Internet appears to the public. The Internet Codes of Conduct (developed by EDUCOM), the Internet Activities Board, the Association for Computer Machinery emerge. By the end of 1990's, IP (Internet Protocol) traffic was reaching 1000% growth per year, compared to less than 10% growth of the Public Switched Telephony Network (PSTN). (Thussu, 2000). The expand and development of the Internet take very fast initiatives.

Outline:

1) Introduction

2) Development of the Internet

3) Some facts about the Internet

4) Social issues
4.1. Education
4.2. Health
4.3. The case of the developing countries

5) Political issues
5.1. Intellectual Property Rights
5.2. Privacy
5.3. Security
5.4. Democracy and Human rights
5.5. Regulation

6) Conclusion

7) Bibliography

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