Résumé
« Can India fly? » is the headline of an article from The Economist (June 3rd 2006) that is devoted to India's economic takeoff. The country, no longer neglected by the world, now competes with China, thanks to its huge potential market of a billion people, its educated engineers, its democratic institutions and despite its paralysing bureaucracy. Indian business is strong, economic growth is solid and the country is creating more world-class firms than China. Indian companies are even expanding abroad. In addition, this manufacturing boom doesn't result from cheap labour, but from good use of new technology. However, with its $728 GDP-per-head, India still is a poor country. The question of how high India can fly now depends on its capacity to share out its new wealth among the different classes of its population, so that social tensions decrease, and on the partly communist government's capacity to reform : India needs better roads, more generalised education, social equality between castes and, above all, a complete trade liberalisation. India has undoubtedly taken off but it would definitely fly higher without its bureaucratic, economic and social chains.